Art Appreication Essay Example

Art Appreication Paper According to Sayre what are the three steps int he process of seeing reception, extraction, inference Jan and Hubert van Eycks The Great Altarpiece is an example of artists giving form to the immaterial: hidden or universal truths, spiritual forces or personal feelings Kane Kweis Coffin Orange in the Shape of a Cocoa Pod is an example of artists making functional objects and structures more pleasurable and elevating them or imbuing them with meaning Renzo Pianos Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Center is an example of green architecture Such buildings are praised for their self-sufficiency Portraiture, such as John Ahearn are Rigoberto Torres Pat is an example of artists making a visual record of the people, places, and events of their time and place Where does Japanese artist Yayoi Kusama draw inspiration for her work from very personal visual and existential experience of her surroundings What is the function of the nsiki nkonde figure it pursued wrongdoers at night and punished them when nails were driven into it The imagery in Faith Ringgolds God Bless America was inspired by the Civil Rights movement in the 1960s Jasper Johns chose to paint his image of the American flag to express his proclivity for things seen but not examined Where did Picasso draw inspiration for the faces of the female figures on the right side of the composition of Les Demosielles dAvignon African ritual masks Rene Margittes The Treason of Images asks of to consider that images and words refer to things that we see, but are not the things themselves In a work of art, content, refers to what the work expresses or means The term naturalistic or realistic art are sometimes used to describe representational art Jan van Eycks Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife Giovanni Cenami depicts many objects that have symbolic meaning. The use or study of these symbols is called iconography While in prison, Howling Wolf made drawings called ledger drawings In a work of art, form, refers to the way it looks Beatriz Milhaves Carambola is based on the shapes, forms, and bright colors of Brazilian culture When a work of art such as Kasimir Malevichs Black Square shows no reference to the natural world of images, it is usually called nonrepresentational Which of these statements best defines visual literacy the abililty to recognize, understand, and communicate the meaning of visual images What is the content of Albert Beirstadts Rocky Mountains It is a sublime representation of the mountain range that we can be seen to encompass the spirit and character of the American West Maya Lins Memorial in Washington, D.C. was controversial at first because of its non-traditional style In Chapter 3, Sayre discusses two ways of valuing art. What are they? monetary and intrinsic Which sculptor eventually saw his controversial work destroyed Richard Serra Guillermo Gomez-Penas The temple of Confessions can be defined as what kind of art performance and installation Historically, why do many people receive new and innovative work with reservation They have little context which to view the work What is it that motivates most collectors to buy contemporary art the pleasure of owning art and the prestige that confers upon them Chris Ofilis The Holy Virgin Mary displays aspects of the artists life, his African heritage and what else? his Catholic upbringing In 1860, Edouard Manets Dejeuner sur Iherbe was rejected by the public due to its modernity Which artwork was described as an explosion in a shingle factory Marcel Duchamps Nide Descending a Staircase Considered a masterpiece of Renaissance art, Michelangelos David came under attack upon first viewing due to its political symbolism When each side of a composition is exactly the same, it shows absolute symmetry When dealing with balance in a two dimensional composition, an artist or designer is actually dealing with visual weight The process of organizing the formal elements of art into a unified composition is called design Proportion is defined as the relationship between the parts to each other and the whole in a composition Jan Vermeers Women Holding a Balance is a perfect example of an asymmetrically balanced composition The dimensions of an object, in relation to some constant, such as the human figure, are known as its scale The process of organizing the formal elements of art into unified composition is called desgin What is a term that describes an artists attempt to draw our eyes to one are of a composition emphasis Repetition often implies monotony, yet it also creates a sense of rhythm In her painting Still Life with Lobster Anna Vallayer-Coster establishes emphasis through the manipulation of light and color A popular drawing medium during the Renaissance consisted of a stylus of gold, silver or other metal that was dragged across a prepared ground of lead white, bone, and water. The process was called metalpoint The artist who felt that a cut line made with scissors could acquire more feeling than a pencil or charcoal was Henri Matisse The word paper is derived from Egyptian papyrus When ink is diluted with water and applied in broad flat areas, the result is called a wash In Kathe Kollwitzs Self-Portrait, Drawing the artist has revealed the expressive capabilities of what medium charcoal Whitefield Lovells Whispers from the Walls is an example of installation art What was early paper in the West made of cloth rags Which of the following is a form of soft carbon discovered in England in 1564 Graphite Dry drawing media consists of coloring agents, which are mixed with what to hold them together binders Who drew Banana Flower Georgia OKeeffe When and where was printmaking first developed in the 9th century in China Because lithography the printing surface is completely flat, it is referred to as planographic Which process best describes intaglio printing The area that prints is below the surface of the plate What is the main advantage of linocut over woodcut printmaking it is easier to cut into linoleum than wood What is the chief advantage of printmaking over other media the artist can make multiple copies of a single image Which of the following is an example of relief printmaking woodcut What printmaking technique was used in The Nuremberg Chronicle woodcut Monotype is unique among printmaking processes because it produces only one print from the plate What is the process that assures that the colors of linocut or other relief print will align perfectly Registration If an artist pushes the point of a burin across a metal plate, forcing the metal up in silver in front of the burin, the process is called engraving Painting was largely considered a craft, lesser than other arts like poetry and music until The Renaissance When an artist paints with a mixture of watercolor pigment and Chinese white chalk, the process is called a gouache The painting process that allows for a continuous blending of tones and hues on the painting surface is called oil painting Artists can create a sense of luminous materiality in oil painting by brushing thin films of transparent color onto the surface, a process called glazing What is the main advantage of using oil paint over other paint media It dries slower allowing more naturalistic development What is the substance in paint that holds the particles of pigment together and often defines the characteristics of the various painting media binder Winslow Homers A Wall, Nassau was made using watercolor washes Paintings that consist of three painted panels, such as The Annunciation (Merode Altarpiece) by Robert Campin, are called Triptychs Where is focal point in Giottos Lamentation Jesus head What is the binder in encaustic painting wax The drawings by William Cameron Menzies are examples of a vital part of the film-making process called storyboards Color was introduced into film in what year 1939 Sound was introduced into film in what year 1927 Dodging and burning are darkroom processes by which the photographer can manipulate which aspect of a photo value The device invented in the sixteenth century as means of capturing images from the natural world is called camera obscura Nam June Paik was an innovator in which of these media video sculpture Still images from the film Battleship Potemkin demonstrate the montage technique of which filmmaker Sergei Eisenstein What film process was D.W. Griffith was the first great mater of editing Despite the success of the daguerreotype, the process had its drawbacks, primarily that the image could not be reproduced What is defined as the size of the opening in the lens when exposing a photograph to light aperture

Water Properties essays

Water Properties essays Water s presence in the Living World Water is essential in the living world, it is the main component in glacier, sea and present predominantly in living cells. Water is used for drinking, washing and irrigating crops and watering livestock. It also acts as a thermal regulator by smoothing out sudden and large temperature variations in the environment. Water is made of H2O, it can be separated through electrolysis. Hydrogen is present in the cathode, it has twice the volume of Oxygen in anode, and Hydrogen burns furiously and explodingly in the pop test, Oxygen supports burning in the splint test. Water molecules have strong intermolecular force Water is a polar molecular. When Ebonite and Perspex are charged, stream of tap water is attracted to them, water attracts both positive and negative static charged materials. That shows the hydrogen electrons are delocalised and its electron pairs are unevenly shared in the covalent bonding. The bond between water molecules is hydrogen bond, which is caused by attraction of pairs of electropositive hydrogen atom with electrons of oxygen atoms in another molecule. Ionic substances such as NaCl is dissolved in water, polar water molecules have a strong attraction for charged ions, this result ions in NaCl to move freely in water in aqueous state. Water has high surface tension, the liquid has great tendency to form a spherical drop rather than spread out, this property of allow ship transport on water possible. Water molecules are formed through polar interactions, water attract other hydrogen bonds between water molecules. This results water to have strong intermolecular force and high surface tension. Water is the only substance that can exist in the three states(Ice solid, vapour, liquid) under normal range of environmental conditions. Comparing to other covalent molecules such ...

American Dad

Roger, the sarcastic alien who saved Stan from Area 51 hates the fact that he is restricted to the our walls of the house unless he dresses in ridiculous outfits that question his sexuality. He smokes and drinks to cope with the torture of his own life. Klaus, the family goldfish is not actually a normal fish is from an experiment gone wrong due to the CIA. When they tried to put a German mans brain in a fishs brain they created Klaus who is also madly in love with Francine. (midi. Com) A utopia is a community or society possessing highly desirable or near perfect qualities. (Webster Dictionary). The show American Dad tries to portray their society and family as a Utopia meaning whatever happens wrought the episode there will always be a happy ending after the thirty minutes the show allots. This show exemplifies entertainment for the audience as utopia. The show revolves around C. I. A. Agent Stan Smith, and his not so average family. Stan is constantly fighting off terrorists who threaten the safety of the United States, sometimes causing more harm than good. His wife Francine is your average house wife.She juggles Stan and the kids while keeping a sound mind. Halley, Stains only daughter, is your average rebellious teenager. She speaks her own mind, and does things her win way. Steve, Stains only son, is a bit of a geek. He enjoys games like Dungeons and Dragons, and participating in comic book conventions. Although hes not Stains dream son, he always makes him proud. Then theres Roger, the illegal alien who the Smith are keeping protected. Roger deals with your average alien emotions, and the fact that he is not allowed out in public, which causes him great distress.Last but not least, Klaus, the Smith s wisecracking talking fish who is secretly in love with Francine. (TV Calendar) The theme song that opens the show on every episode starts by inning a catchy patriotic jingle. The first few lines Stan sings tells Of his optimistic outlook on his beloved country LISA, giving inanimate objects humanistic qualities which is personification. Although the song is short and sweet, it makes the audience think this show is going to an upbeat and positive television show for a family. By comparing this show to our country, it gives a negative light to the United States as a whole.In a recent episode, the rapture occurred while Stan and Francine are left on the planet with Roger to occupy their time. Stan went to any and all lengths to try to get selected for the second coming of the rapture by finding the supposed Jesus Christ backstage and letting him have sexual activities with him after he blamed Francine for all his problems. After all the problems that occurred in this episode, the end of the episode made everyone look like one big happy family. The show American Dad ridicules America with the constant back and forth idiotic tactics they do throughout all the seasons.It makes fun of America by basically saying whatever happens in this show is how America is in a whole. Stan hides Roger in his attic so the government would not take him because he feels he owes Roger something for saving his life. This example proves that there is corruption in our government. Although Francine appears to be a normal housewife her dark, secretive past with lust, drugs, and sex constantly haunt her. Haley Stan and Franchises daughter, is an activist to anything her father has to defend because she feels like the government are a bunch of arrogant, conceited men in suits with too much power.The son Steve, is an average high school aged boy who just wants to it in. He tries almost everything in his power to make the girls in his school want to lust after him like he lusts after them. The alien Roger, he plays the role as the red headed step child that doesnt really fit in but makes the show more entertaining to people. Klaus the goldfish, he always has a trick up his sleeve in any situation he comes across. American Dad does not portray America the way we or any other country should view it.It makes a mockery of our country by saying no matter what you do or the severity you do it to everything will go back to normal at the end of the day which is not reality. If there were actual consequences to the actions the characters Stan, Francine, Haley, Steve, Roger, or Klaus committed it would not be topic of discussion, but since there is no repercussion for their actions they continue to do illegal things. American Dad is nothing short of a joke to society and the fact that people make real comparisons to the show and our country shows that television has an impact on the lives of the people who inhabit our world.

Creating and Marketing a new product Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Creating and Marketing a new product - Essay Example But on the other hand complications have also increased as we try to understand and use each of the gadgets separately. It is from these complications that we have identified a new need of getting everything available to users in a single device. The product we have come up is called ‘E-Wall’ which will help users of technology manage everything from a single place using a single device. In this report we will talk in detail about the product, marketing plan and strategy, business strategy, and operations. We will also discuss how we will establish it as a legal entity and protect the innovation from being copied by any company. We will also establish the target market of the proposed product. E-Wall E-Wall is an electronic wall that will act as a screen. This screen will display everything that a person needs to carry out his or her daily technology related operations. The screen will serve as a laptop, television, cell phone etc for users. Basically everything users wa nt will be displayed on the E-Wall and users will be able to control it through a tablet. This tablet will serve as a key board for users which they will use to change icons on the wall. The aim of the technology is to bring everything together in one place so that users can easily access it. The device will also save space as it will be placed on the wall. Only a small server will be attached to the screen to feed data into the wall. The main purpose of E-Wall is to integrate all the present technology currently being used by the people worldwide. There is a need to join them together so that users can get a single point of access. Another purpose of the product is to make everything easily available to users of technology. The idea behind E-Wall is to get everything on a single wall so that everything can be managed easily. This product will not only make access to different technologies easily. E-Wall will display everything on a large surface (wall) which will increase visibilit y and also users will be able to use everything without even moving from one place to another or without juggling different devices at the same time. E-Wall will serve as a display screen for all of the existing technology. It will just integrate existing technology into one device. A key attribute of the device is that it will allow users to access everything on the E-Wall through a touch screen tablet. This will allow mobility without compromising on size of the display or the number of technologies available. This key advantage will make this device desirable for many segments of the society. Establishing Legal Entity It is important to form a legal entity in order to operate any official business therefore we have decided to form a Limited Liability Partnership company. This is type of company offers the benefits of both corporations and partnership, and this is why we have preferred it over other forms. The most important element of this form of company is the limited liability of partners. Limited liability restricts the liability of the partners and separates personal and company assets. It is relatively safe to go for a limited liability company as personal assets are not secured in case of liquidation. The next step will be to register a name of the company and a trademark which will be used both for transaction and for marketing purposes. By registering a trademark we will also ensure that no one is able to copy our name or sign in any way. Trademark is very important in today’

Illegal war trade, and its effect on society Research Paper

Illegal war trade, and its effect on society - Research Paper Example hereas the problem was being addressed, during the 19th century, locally at different countries of the world, now-a-days, it has assumed a global aspect. Therefore it is evident that modern transportation system has significantly contributed to the increase of the illicit drug-trade. As a result in the international drug market, the trade in drug is a highly profitable business, as Presidents Commission on Organized Crime notes, â€Å"Drug trafficking accounts for almost 38 percent of all organized crime activity across the country and generates an income estimated to be as high as $110 billion† (4). A report prepared by the National Institute on Drug Abuse shows that the abuse of drug like any illegal drugs, except the smoking and alcohol, exerts a toll of averagely $161 billion dollars on the economy of the United States in the years 1999, 2000 and 2001 (NIDA). If alcoholism and smoking are counted within the statistics, the cost will rise up to approximately $487 billion dollar. Out of this $161 billion dollars, about $110 billion costs in lost productivity, whereas $12.9 billion is spent in healthcare issue. In the UK, the total economic cost of illicit drug abuse fluctuated between  £2.9bn and  £5.3bn in the past decades. If the social costs are added to this economic cost, the total amount will range between  £10.1bn and  £17.4bn per year (Godfrey et al. 7). In a study Collins and Lapsley (2008) report that Australian socio-economy has to bear the cost of $30 billion per year. But a global comparative statistics of the effects of drug on the economy of the countrie s is still a matter of investigation (87). The UK Drug Policy Commission approximates that there are about 23.1 million natives of the total British population who are addicted to at least one drug in the year 2010 (Reuter and Stevens, 2007). According to the British Crime Survey 2005, about 45% of the population (aged between 35 and 44) were addicted to at least one drug, whereas 50 percent of the

Research Ethics Board of Canada Essay Example for Free

Research Ethics Board of Canada Essay There are many rules that must be adhered to when describing a course of ethics. The purpose of this reading, â€Å"Ethics,† was to inform readers of the rules and regulations set forth by the Research Ethics Board of Canada. The ethics board keeps a close watch over matters of all types of human research. The given selection made obvious the Canadian government’s involvement in the research practices of its countrymen, and also the government’s commitment to keeping human research work ethically sound. The Research Ethics Board of Canada, or the REB, must be consulted in every instance of â€Å"research involving human subjects† (p. 3). Part of their job is to make sure that the safety of the living research subjects is held in high esteem. They also provide a â€Å"clear moral foundation† for research practices (p. 54). The REB is not limited to cases of research on the living. Even in the case of deceased bodies, the REB requires that â€Å"respect† is in order due to the â€Å"dignity of the person from whom tissue is obtained† (p. 76). Regarding the ethical treatment of the living and the dead, the REB has the final say so in what can or cannot be done with a human body, and their opinions supersede those of the researchers (p. 3). The REB oversees laboratory practices, but they also oversee ethical treatment of humans in the public sector as well. In the public sector, celebrities and sports figures are often hounded by reporters and photographers. The REB, however, protects some of their privacy by including in their general policies rules about research on â€Å"living people in the public arena† (p. 1). The REB does not regulate research about people who fall into this classification unless â€Å"the subject is approached directly for interviews or for access to private papers† (p. 1). When such requests occur, the REB must step in and confirm that the â€Å"research† is being done ethically and in accordance with policy (p. 1). One could safely assume that most people wanting information for unethical purposes would be dissuaded by the measure of protection the REB provides. The REB may just have a general measure of authority in research in the public sector, but in some research situations, they assume a great amount of control. In cases of extremely invasive or â€Å"potentially harmful† research, the REB must assess, monitor, and review each case with â€Å"intense scrutiny† (p. 9). The REB especially monitors cases that are â€Å"the most ethically challenging† (p. 9). Some of these cases may include situations where children are involved. Potential â€Å"physical, moral, psychological, and social consequences† must be provided for review by the REB before research on a child, particularly a very sick child, can be approved (p. 28). Even if the research is approved, the REB gives the final decision about the research to the person who will be undergoing it. The REB works with people who usually would not be able to indicate consent, such as young children, Alzheimer’s patients, and the cognitively impaired (p. 29). In the interest of ethical behavior, if the person indicates that they do not want to take part in the research, the REB will step in and remove them from the situation. Even though the REB is a governmental agency, they still have control over what happens medically to the most frail and innocent patients. It would be unethical to include a person in a study that they did not choose to take part in, so in the name of ethics the REB stops researchers from taking advantage of perilous situations. The protection of the people of Canada is the main job of the REB. Even though some people are opposed to governmental intrusion into areas of health and ethical treatment, the REB is a good example of appropriate governmental intervention into such research. Canada has an excellent model for the rest of the world.

Eating Disorders and Female Athletes Essay -- Research Anorexia Nervos

Eating Disorders and Female Athletes INTRODUCTION Athletes are among the quickest, strongest, most flexible people in the world, so one would expect them to adhere to the latest health and fitness information, right? Not always. The problem is that the athletes often believe that more fit equals less fat. The death of Olympic gymnast Christy Henrich from anorexia nervosa began to bring the topic of athletes and eating disorders to the forefront. Research into the topic of eating disorders and athletes shows a few interesting findings. Most of the studies focus on women and specific sports, namely gymnastics, figure skating, diving, and other weight-dependent sports. Some research, however, shows prevelance findings of eating disorders in female athletes congruent with the general population. FEMALE ATHLETE TRIAD The female athlete triad of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis affects many active women, especially those in sports that emphasize appearance or leanness. Physical signs and symptoms include unexplained recurrent or stress fracture, dry hair, low body temperature, lanugo, and fatigue (Joy, Clark, Ireland, Martire, Nattiv, and Varechok, 1997). Prevalence of the triad is hard to assess because data is limited to a few studies. In the United States, studies suggest, (based on limited data) a prevalence in female athletes between 15 percent and 62 percent (Dummer, Rosen, Heusner, et. al 1987; Rosen, Hough 1988; Rosen, McKeag, Hough, et. al, 1986). Women who have the triad can typically be characterized as being a perfectionist with high goals, being very critical of herself and having very high expectations, and having fairly low self esteem (Nattiv, 1997). Most of the women with the triad ar... ...ician and Sportsmedi5, 95-109. O'Connor, P., Lewis, R., Kirchner, E., & Cook, D. (1996). Eating Disorder Symptoms in Former Female College Gymnasta: Relations With Body Composition. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 64, 840-846. Petri, T., & Stoever S. (1993). The Incidence of Bulimia Nervosa and Pathogenic Weight Control Behaviors in Female College Gymnasts. Research Quarterly in Exercise and Sport , 56, 245-250. Rhea, D., Jambor, E., Wiginton, K. (1996). Preventing Eating Disorders in Female Athletes. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance, 67, 66-70. Rosen, L., & Hough, D. (1988). Pathogenic Weight Control Behaviors in Female College Gymnasts. Physician and Sportsmedicine , 16, 141-146. Rosen, L., & McKeag, D. (1986). Pathogenic Weight Control Behaviors in Female Athletes. Physician and Sportsmedicine , 14, 79-86.

Superhero and Comic Book

Superhero By Numbers – Lisa Watson and Phil Stocks January 29, 2009 by angelan Abstract: This paper reports on results of a statistical analysis correlating superhero characteristics such as powers, motivations, weaknesses, and costumes with commercial viability as represented by comic book sales and number of appearances in new media such as cinema and television. Results indicate that features of a character have little impact in the comic book market, and that new media trends support a move away from god-like, untouchable heroes to heroes displaying more human frailties and highly visual super abilities.Introduction The superhero is an ingrained part of popular culture that has seen resurgence in the last decade through the introduction of prominent characters to new audiences through expanded media. There was a time when superheroes were entrenched firmly in the comic book medium. However, advances in technology and changes in distribution channels have changed the superh ero industry considerably. With comic books barely achieving a fraction of early sales volumes, publishers are trying to revive their comic book heroes by taking them from the â€Å"Silver Age† to the silver screen and other fora.However, with greatly advanced media come great financial risks. In order to secure their investments, the sponsors of these types of ventures must have a solid understanding of the modern superhero audience and what it is looking for in an iconic protagonist. Heroes and villains express cultural values regarding what society reveres as admirable and fears as deviant (Klapp 1962). Bradford Wright’s (2001) book â€Å"Comic Book Nation† outlines the evolution of comic book stories and characters mimicking cultural change; however, this discussion was done retrospectively (as were others).These types of observations tell us that what was popular during the golden age of comic book heroes will surely not be desirable in today’s socie ty. It would be useful if publishers were able to determine what readers are drawn to now so that they might better meet the demands of this generation of reader. Empirically studying the popular appeal of superhero traits can give us insight into our society and trends within its development. What makes a character popular or prominent as we enter the Aquarian age? How important is boundless virtue or courage in the face of insurmountable odds?How relevant is the softer, vulnerable side of a character? Do readers have preferred super powers? Is an Achilles’ heel necessary? Moreover, what characteristics are enduring? Answers to these sorts of questions should provide the insights that will tell companies which avenues should prove the most lucrative and least risky to pursue in bringing superheroes back to the masses. The aim of this study is to analyse trends in superhero characteristics empirically in order to establish current popular superhero traits.Following standard p ractice for writing academic articles in the applied social science of marketing, study findings are then used to develop a series of managerial implications for businesses. In this instance, findings may be used to reduce risk in choosing existing heroes to introduce to modern audiences, or to create a new breed of hero that is better able to reach the target readers, viewers and players of the future. Literature Review Superheroes made inroads into popular culture in the 1930s at newsstands around America.The â€Å"Golden Age† of comics set a precedent of seemingly indestructible superheroes who held secret identities and were dedicated to upholding truth and justice (Bongco, 2000). After struggling to maintain reader interest through the early 1950? s, the â€Å"Silver Age† of comics saw revamping and reintroduction of characters thought to be buried deep in the archives at the Hall of Justice, this time bringing some more human qualities to the fore. Now, â€Å"wh en you think of Superman, you most likely think of the Superman that was in vogue when you were a child.There’s been a Superman for every decade since the character was created† (Fingeroth, 2004, p. 20). Even today, one man’s Dark Knight is not necessarily another boy’s Batman. The eighties and nineties saw a bold break from tradition as comic publishers started directly targeting more mature readership by introducing not just human struggles within the characters, but hints of amoral and anti-heroic tendencies as well (Bongco, 2000). Do superhero fans of today prefer the altruistic heroes of yesteryear like Spiderman, the bad-boy good guys like Wolverine, or looking into the darkest depths of the Dark Knight?The comic book companies that own our superheroes have used in-your-face tactics to increase sales figures before. The Justice League of America and The Avengers were, after all, â€Å"the fictional result of the real world commercial desire to gathe r the company’s most popular heroes into one magazine or animated series† (Fingeroth, 2004, p. 104). However, when companies are betting multi-billion dollar budgets on public interest in particular superheroes, they should be sure they are choosing wisely. Only the most popular of the comic book superheroes can make it to the silver screen or video game monitor.Which character is the right one? Which iteration is the right one? Or should we abandon our superheroes of yesteryear and create new ones, like Buffy the Vampire Slayer, exclusively through new media to show us the way? It is impossible to have a discussion of superheroes without the issue of gender being raised. Superwomen generally are parts of super teams rather than stand alone characters, and often they are in relationships with male counterparts. However, both partners need not be super, and significant others can be used as plot devices in stories.Therefore, it is worth exploring whether being in these s orts of relationships increases a character’s popularity. What do we look for in our superheroes? Kevin Smith (2003) has a simple view: â€Å"altruism and clothes† (p. unknown). On a more serious note, Fingeroth (2004) asserts that strength of character, positive values, and a determination to protect them start the list. So what separates superheroes from our other heroes? Bongco (2000) offers a costumed, secret identity (p. 102). Fingeroth (2004) argues that they have to possess skills and abilities that normal humans do not.Physical, mental and sensory attributes may be heightened. They may have superhuman powers that can range from magical gifts, to scientifically engineered mutations, to high-tech equipment or weaponry combined with an inexplicable ability to walk away from every battle unscathed. But most importantly, they always have to win in the end. By considering a wide range of these characteristics, we hope to be able to determine which combinations of the se characteristics are related to commercial success in a modern market. Method A database of superheroes was constructed incorporating a wide range of superhero characteristics.The purpose of this article is to determine what characteristics are most popular and commercially viable in today’s market. Marvel and DC Comics make up two thirds of the comic book market; thus it was decided that limiting characters to those in these comics would not be detrimental to sampling frame representativeness. An initial breakdown of character attributes and super abilities, including numerical rankings, was derived from information from fantasy role-playing games written for the Marvel and DC universes, specifically Marvel Super Heroes by TSR, Inc. , and DC Heroes by Mayfair Games.Independent variables included attributes and powers listed in the role playing games, as well as variables for their secret identities, weaknesses, motivations, costumes, significant others, and whether they ar e human, not human or mutant. The Marvel Super Heroes template and numeric scale was used and DC characters were translated from the DC Heroes system into the Marvel one. Both systems relate their numeric rankings to feats accomplishable in real-world terms (e. g. , able to lift 100 tons) and the attributes and powers are similar enough that this translation is formulaic and involves negligible speculation.Costume variables consisted of whether the heroes wear a cape and whether their costumes are primarily spandex. Significant other variables included whether the significant other is aware of their secret identity and whether he or she is used as a plot device; however, because not enough information was readily available about this variable it could not be used in the final analysis. Cape and secret identity were dichotomous (yes/no) variables. Weaknesses, motivation, humanness and spandex were short scales. Weakness scaled from none to debilitating (0-2). An example debilitating weakness is Superman’s vulnerability to Kryptonite.An example intermediate weakness is Iron Man’s alcoholism. Motivation ranged from none-given (0) to vigilante/revenge (1) to sense of duty (2) to desire to serve (3). Humanness extended from not human (0) to mutant (1) to human (2). Spandex ranged from no spandex (0) to sometimes appears in spandex (1) to all spandex all the time (2). Because the majority of superpowers are unique, they were grouped according to common attributes: powers derived from weaponry or equipment, the power to manipulate matter or energy (external to oneself), powers that are inherent to one’s physical body, powers of the mind, and magical powers.The very common powers of being impervious to harm and being able to fly were given separate entries. These variables were regressed on dependent variables representing commercial popularity to see which combinations of characteristics should prove most successful in the current marketplace. Tw o dependent variables were used to determine characters’ commercial success. The first was the collective number of movies, television programs and video games in which they have featured as main characters. The sampling frame for this data was the Internet Movie Database (http://www. mdb. com, 2005). The second variable was an estimated comic book sales figure for 2004. It used the monthly Top 300 comic sales lists published by ICV2. com (2004) to calculate the total number of Top 100 comic issues sold in 2004 that featured each of the heroes as central characters (based on title characters for individual titles and feature characters in the case of group titles). While these data can not be entirely accurate, they should provide reasonable estimates of heroes’ market popularity in popular media.Results There are 75 heroes in our database; some individual data points are missing for some characters. This sample is small for the number of independent variables in our a nalysis. Therefore, the first step was to conduct a factor analysis to group individual measures together to create a smaller, but still representative, variable list. A principal components analysis with a varimax rotation was used. It yielded 9 factor components. Factor loadings above 0. 400 may be seen in Table 1.The first factor was labelled â€Å"Physical Attributes,† incorporating health, strength, fighting ability, endurance and agility. Wearing a cape also loaded onto this factor, suggesting that particular fashion item is reserved for only the most powerful of superheroes. Apparently the new cape-less trend started by top superhero designer Edna â€Å"E† Mode has not yet caught on with the big boys. The second factor, â€Å"Sensory Attributes,† included karma, intuition and psyche, which may represent such characteristics as â€Å"spidey senses. † The third factor included resources, reasoning ability, popularity and motivation.This combination s uggests someone who is smart, rich, resourceful, charming and philanthropic, and was thus labelled â€Å"Appeal. † The fourth factor seemed to consist of the most stereotypical traits of a superhero: being bullet proof or indestructible, the ability to fly, and a desire to help protect mankind. As such, it was decided to call this factor â€Å"Golden Age† attributes. Factor five consisted of powers derived from weapons and/or equipment and the power to manipulate matter and/or energy, and was thus labelled â€Å"External Powers. † The sixth factor was labelled â€Å"Secret Identity. Powers associated with the body loaded negatively with secret identity, suggesting that characters without superhuman defences are more likely to require secret identities to protect themselves. The next factor, labelled â€Å"Mysticism,† included magical powers and powers of the mind. These powers were also associated with capes, which are still used by such modern media mag ical superheroes as Harry Potter. At first glance, factor eight appeared to be a bit of a mosaic of collected variance; however upon further inspection it is quite enlightening.This factor encompasses a weakness combined with powers related to the character’s body and high endurance. This factor captures the Achilles heel of the character, along with the struggle to overcome it; thus it was assigned the label of â€Å"Tenacity. † The ninth factor demonstrates the humanness of the character. Amusingly, wearing spandex is positively related to being human. It must just fit better under a wider variety of everyday street clothes. [pic]These factors were used as independent variables in two regression models relating the factors first to appearances in movies, TV shows and video games (new media), and then to comic book sales volumes (as outlined in the method section). Neither of the dependent variables was normally distributed, so natural log transformations were conduct ed on each of them before analyses were conducted. When the superhero factors were regressed on the new media variable, residual analysis uncovered a non-random error distribution that suggested weighted least squares was required.Thus, a weighted least squares regression analysis was conducted using unstandardized residuals as the weighting factor. The model returned an adjusted R? value of 0. 77, meaning that 77% of the variance in new media appearances for superheroes could be explained by the nine superhero factors (Table 2). Four factors had significant effects on how often a character appeared in new media. Sensory abilities, external powers and humanness had positive relationships with new media appearances. It is easy to see why external powers would be desired in today’s visually focused media.Interestingly, the Golden Age factor had a negative relationship with new media appearances, with Golden Age characteristics making a character 35% less likely to appear on scr een. Some of our favourite superheroes have been recreated and revamped over the years. An example of a Golden Age character shedding these stereotypical powers in new media would be the television program Smallville, in which Superman can’t fly and has not yet devoted his life to saving mankind. This example is also an apt one for demonstrating the appeal of the other two factors, humanness and sensory attributes.Directional results indicate that audiences want characters to be less untouchable and more human and to have an innate ability to understand their fellow man. They want to empathize in some way with the protagonist in the story. These results could describe the hardened street smart Batman or the gentler Tobey Maguire version of Spiderman, both of whom are due to make reappearances at the box office, and both of whom will be sporting spandex. Alternatively, these results could be used as a skeleton around which to build new characters to debut in video format. [pic ]A second regression analysis was conducted using comic book sales figures estimates as the dependent variable. The mass audience for movies is a much broader one than the comic book niche market, and as such is looking for more sophisticated superhero stories. Thus, what these two audiences are looking for in superhero characteristics may also be very different. As in the first analysis, the 9 superhero factors were regressed on the transformed dependent variable, in this case Top 100 comic book sales. Linear regression results did not require weighting. Results can be seen in Table 3.Only one of the measured superhero factors, tenacity, played a significant role in determining comic book sales. The ability to overcome weakness in the face of insurmountable odds is something that comic book fans have come to expect from their superheroes over the decades. When writers gave their characters flaws in the Silver Age it was meant to make them look even better when they beat the bad guy (Lang and Trimble, 1988). Apparently the formula still works. These results indicate that changing superhero characters, or developing new ones, will have little effect on sales. pic] This stagnancy with respect to characters may be caused by a general shift among comic book fans away from emphasizing characters and more towards purchasing issues based on their artists (Brown, 1997). Alternatively, this is a small market that is steeped in tradition. Fans involve themselves heavily in these products and are quick to point out inconsistencies. They may simply not be open to change, meaning that the superheroes themselves are hardly considered at this point, so long as they are consistent.In short, this small market is not where growth will happen and is not representative of a broader audience so pursuing alternative characters in this medium could prove to be a waste of resources. Managerial Implications Apart from shedding light on current cultural values, these findings can be ap plied commercially. While results suggested that the comic book market is not strongly character driven, results indicated that characters have a major impact on on-screen popularity.Television and movie audiences seem to want to see heroes that are intuitive human beings that have powers that are external to themselves, whether they stem from equipment or the ability to manipulate matter or energy outside of themselves. They are no longer interested in god-like characters that can fly and can’t be killed. This combination includes mutant characters. Results can be applied to choosing existing characters to introduce into these media, developing new characters specifically for those media, or altering existing characters to better suit the wants of the audiences viewing those media.For example, Iron Man fits these criteria, making him a perfect choice for an upcoming silver screen venture. Findings also suggest that Professor X would be a more popular character if he were to develop the ability to move things with his mind. Alternatively, an entirely new breed of superhero could be introduced to the world. A league of new and improved, culturally customized superheroes to rise from the wake of Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Harry Potter, never having been restricted by the walls of a comic book panel.Limitations There are several issues that require the reader to interpret these results with caution. First, for reasons of practicality, we use quite a small sample of the most well established characters created by the two biggest comic book publishers for our analysis. Therefore, innumerable other superheroes developed by them, smaller companies and independents, as well as those that did not originate in comics, but in some other medium such as television or movies, are not accounted for.Next, much of our analysis was based on comic book sales figures, the overwhelming majority of which were published by Marvel and DC; however, these sales figures were us ed as a surrogate measure of character popularity. It must be recognized that collectors now often consider the comic book artists rather than the characters that they create when purchasing issues, as well as purchasing multiple copies of those they believe will be valuable (Brown, 1997).Thus, character popularity may not be as highly correlated with comic book sales figures as we assume in our analysis. Similarly, Marvel, DC and the majority of the new media depicting those superheroes come from North America. As such, our results may not be generalizable across cultures. Finally, audience demographics for Marvel Comics, DC Comics and the various other superhero media discussed here are proprietary, so we are unable to consider how the audiences for these media are similar or how they differ in our analysis.Instead we are making an assumption that there are differences and inferring that comic book producers have been successful in their bids to increase the superhero audience thr ough the use of new media channels. Future Research This study could be expanded to include a more representative sample of heroes from a wider range of publishers and media if a consistent system for quantifying many of the superhero traits could be agreed upon. Findings would be much more robust and reliable if this were achieved. Demographic or cross-cultural comparisons of preferred superhero traits and media could also be introduced.Villains should also be included in any future analyses. These additions would make the findings more inherently interesting because â€Å"comic book evildoers†¦help define the comic book hero† (Fingeroth, 2004, p. 15). Should further sociological analysis be of interest, a longitudinal study of these characters’ traits, their associated artists and their evolutions could be compared empirically to the observations provided to date and used to attempt to predict current popular trends and their changing sociological implications f or now and into the future.Little empirical work exists in the realm of superheroes as they relate to popular culture, leaving endless opportunity to test the many sociological theories being advanced about them. References Bongco, M. 2000. Reading Comics: Language, Culture, and the Concept of the Superhero in Comic Books. New York, NY: Garland Publishing. Brown, J. A. 1997. Comic Book Fandom and Cultural Capital. Journal of Popular Culture 30 (4): 13-34. Fingeroth, D. 2004. Superman on the Couch: What Superheroes Really Tell Us about Ourselves and Our Society. New York, NY: Continuum.Grinfeld, M. J. 1997. Superheroes Impart Life’s Lessons. Psychiatric Times 14. Klapp, O. E. 1962. Heroes, Villains, and Fools: The Changing American Character. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Lang, J. S. , and Trimble, P. 1988. Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow? An Examination of the American Monomyth and the Comic Book Superhero. Journal of Popular Culture 22 (3): 157-173. Smith, K. 2003. The Superhero. Rolling Stone, May 15. Wright, B. W. 2001. Comic Book Nation: The Transformation of Youth Culture in America. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

American short story writers Essay

Dance, Dance, Dance by Haruki Marukami The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle by Haruki Marukami Cat’s Cradle by Kurt Vonnegut Life of Pi by Yann Martel On Chesil Beach by Ian McEwan Tuesdays with Morrie by Mitch Albom Facts about the Moon by Dorianne Laux Let the Great World Spin by Colum McCann What is the What by Dave Eggers The Lemon Tree by Sandy Tolan The Love We Share Without Knowing by Christopher Barzak Letters to a Young Poet by Rainer Maria Milke White Oleander by Janet Fitch Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman Everything is Illuminated by Jonathan Safran Foer A Fine Balance by Rohinton Mistry. The God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy The World Doesn’t End by Charles Simic North of Beautiful by Justina Chen Headley The Fault in Our Stars by John Green Running with Scissors by Augusten Burroughs Prep by Curtis Sittenfeld The Things They Carried by Tim O’Brien One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Garcia Marquez East of Eden by John Steinbeck The Shadow of the Wind by Carlos Ruiz Zafon By the River Piedra I Sat Down and Wept by Paulo Coelho Kafka on the Shore by Haruki Marukami Veronika Decides to Die by Paulo Coelho Tender is the Night by F. Scott Fitzgerald Jonathan Strange and Mister Norell by Suzanna Clarke. Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close by Jonathan Safran Foer The History of Love by Nicole Krauss Brave New World by Aldous Huxley The Book Thief by Markus Zusak On The Road by Jack Kerouac Slaughterhouse 5 by Kurt Vonnegut American Gods by Neil Gaiman The Millennium Trilogy by Stieg Larsson The Shadow of the Wind by Carlos Ruiz Zafon Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro Norwegian Wood by Haruki Murakami Bonjour Tristesse by Francoise Sagan Anna and the French Kiss by Stephanie Perkins The Collector by John Fowles Bel Canto by Ann Patchett Written on the Body by Jeannette Winterson 1984 by George Orwell The Book of Disquiet by Fernando Pessoa. Love in the Time of Cholera by Gabriel Garcia Marquez Lolita by Vladimir Nabokov A Great and Terrible Beauty by Libba Bray The Girl with Glass Feet by Ali Shaw Noah Barleywater Runs Away by John Boyne Wildwood by Colin Meloy Florence and Giles by John Harding Three Cave Mountain, Or: Granfather and the Wolves by Per Olov Enquist 44 Scotland Street by Alexander McCall Smith Sylvie and the Songman by Tim Binding From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs Basil E. Frankweiler by E. L. Konigsburg The Family from One End Street by Eve Garnett The Mitfords by Charlotte Mosley The Twenty-One Balloons by William Pene du Bois Bird by Rita Murphy. The Man with The Dancing Eyes by Sophie Dahl The Girl Who Chased the Moon by Sarah Addison Allen The Trick Is to Keep Breathing by Janice Galloway The Napolean of Crime by Ben MacIntyre Like You’d Understand, Anyway: Stories by Jim Shepard The Unbearable Lightness of Being by Milan Kundera The It-Doesn’t-Matter Suit by Sylvia Plath Jellicoe Road by Melina Marchetta V. by Thomas Pynchon Gravity’s Rainbow by Thomas Pynchon Silk by Alessandro Baricco Afternoon Tea by Frankie Magazine The Botanical Garden by Ellen Welcker The Man Who Loved Books Too Much by Allison Hoover Bartlett The Enchanted Places by Christopher Milne. The Penderwicks: A Summer Tale of Four Sisters by Jeanne Birdsall Book of Longing by Leonard Cohen The Phantom Tollbooth by Norton Juster We, the Drowned by Cartsen Jensen I Never Knew There Was a Word for It by Adam Jacot de Boinod The Snow Goose by Paul Gallico Burning Your Boats by Angela Carter One Hundred and Forty Five Stories in a Small Box by Sarah Manguso The Asylum for Wayward Victorian Girls by Emilie Autumn Like Bees to Honey by Caroline Smailes Waifs and Strays by Charles de Lint Two Hearts by Peter S. Beagle To See Every Bird on Earth by Dan Koeppel Jules et Jim by Henri-pierre Roche. The Boy Detective Fails by Joe Meno Book of a Thousand Days by Shannon Hale The Haunted Bookshop by Christopher Morley The Thirty-Nine Steps by John Buchan The Blue Flower by Penelope Fitzgerald The Moviegoer by Walker Percy Love Begins in Winter by Simon Van Booy From Old Notebooks by Evan Lavender Smith The Stories of Breece D’J Pancake by Breece D’J Pancake Grayson by Lynne Cox So the Wind Won’t Blow It All Away by Richard Brautigan Dandelion Wine by Rad Bradbury Valerie and Her Week of Wonders by Vitezslav Nezval. The Engineer of Human Souls by Josef Skvorecky Generation Me by Joan M. Twenge My Booky Wook by Russell Brand  Lysistrata by Aristophanes As I Lay Dying by Faulkner Suite Francaise by Irene Nemirovsky Siddhartha by Herman Hesse Memory & Dream by Charles de Lint Doctor Zhivago by Boris Pasternak Eat Pray Love by Elizabeth Gilbert The English Patient by Michael Ondaatje The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society by Mary Ann Shaffer Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf Perfume: The Story of a Murderer by Patrick Suskind A Million Little Pieces by James Frey A Burnt-Out Case by Graham Greene The Tenth Man by Graham Greene Rebecca by Daphne du Maurier Franny and Zooey by J. D. Salinger  White Noise by Don DeLillo Will Grayson, Will Grayson by John Green and David Levithan Dry & Wolf at the Table by Augusten Burroughs Ham on Rye by Bukowski. I Was Told There’d Be Cake by Sloane crosley Bossypants by Tina Fey The Essential Rumi by Coleman Barks Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte Why We Broke Up by Daniel Handler Crush by Richard Silken Flatscreen by Adam Wilson Karnak Cafe by Nagib Mahfouz A Prayer for Owen Meany by John Irving The God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy The Road by Cormac McCarthy The Catcher in the Rye by JD Salinger The Little Prince by Antoine de St. Exupery B is for Bad Poetry.

Essay Sample on the American Revolution and the Independence form Great Britain

Essay Sample on the American Revolution and the Independence form Great Britain America’s decision to declare independence form Great Britain was both due the change of economic policies and to the development of refining life and liberty. After driving the French out, with help from the Indians and British troops, colonist began to quarrel with Parliament’s insistence of testing the limits of their power in North America. Their control was made difficult when residents decided to smuggle and boycott goods. Eventually, the colonies resistance and loss of patience would lead them directly to independence. The Proclamation of 1763 was the first to anger the colonist. In order to assure the Indians that settlers would not invade tribal lands, Britain emphasized colonist not to expand to the westward region. Shortly after, the use of writs of assistance, which allowed customs to search anywhere without the used of a warrant, placed a major infringement upon colonial natural rights. The Sugar Act (established at the same time) was an attempt to discourage smuggling by lowering the price of molasses below smugglers cost. It also stated that exports could only go through British ports before being sold to foreign countries. When merchants were accused of smuggling, they faced a jury-less trial and were often convicted. Violators of the Stamp Act of 1765 also faced the same when they did not buy special watermarked paper for newspapers and all legal documents. Because the Stamp Act was an internal tax on the colonies, it motivated the first actual structured response to British impositions. Violence eventually broke throughout the colonies, forming such colonial groups as the Loyal Nine and the Sons of Liberty to organize the resistance and assemble the citizens in attempts to stress Parliament to revoke the act. Because of the overwhelming protest of businessmen (and the forced evacuation of stamp distributors), Britain’s economy was severely damaged and they were forced to cancel the act. However it was not long before Parliament tugged on the strings of the colonist again. The Quartering Act of 1765 demanded colonial assemblies to pay for supplies for troops residing within their colonies. The act did not affect much of the colonies except New York. New York at the time had a significant amount of troops stationed and refused to comply with the law. Parliament in returned threatened to nullify all laws passed by the New York colonial legislature, taking away what self-government they had. To avoid more hardships, New York decided to obey Parliament. Finally, the colonies bit their last lip when a man named Charles Townshend assumed the duties of Britain’s treasurer. Britain’s House of Commons decided to cut their taxes by one-fourth and proposed to make up for the loss by passing the Revenue Act of 1767. Townshend drew a plan that put taxes on glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea entering the colonies. Though it only raised 37,000 pounds, compare to the 500,000 pound pay cut in the treasury department, Townshend duties was very effective in arousing political dispute that had laid inactive since the withdraw of the Stamp Act. The revolution was growing strong and would finally be established after an incident in Boston in 1770. Because of continued violence in Massachusetts, British troops were brought in towards the end of 1768 to relieve tension. Ironically, situations grew worse and the troops were very unwelcomed by the colonist. The colonist felt as if rights were under the watchful eye of the king. In 1770 and irritated customs officer shot an eleven year-old boy for throwing rocks at his house. Though the troops were not responsible for the shooting, they were usually under fire for hostility toward British power. After the boy’s funeral, violence erupted outside Boston’s custom office, and after the conflict, five colonists were dead. The news spread through the colonies as the Boson Massacre. To cool down the hostility of the colonist, the Townshend duties were soon erased. Despite the fact that the British were deciding to pursue less controversial policies, colonist could no longer bare the abuse of their rights that Britain trampled on. They were soon to be democratic nation and were tired of supporting an empire center around monarchy. Every colony united and rebelled against is abusive mother country, creating the American Revolution. You can order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation on American Revolution from our professional custom essay writing service which provides students with high-quality custom written papers.

The Availability of Digital Machines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Availability of Digital Machines - Essay Example It is not wrong to argue that current newspapers and magazines are filled with subtle and clever tricks that are used to deceive the public. It is, therefore, advisable to examine images and photographs featured in widely respected magazine and newspaper articles critically, and possibly identify how it has been used to deceive the public. For instance, on April 1 2011, Brian Walski, a staff photographer for the Los Angeles Times Working in Iraq, was fired after his editors identified that he had used two of his Iraqi photographs into one, to improve its composition. This paper, therefore, describes how photographs can be manipulated to change the whole meaning of the original information to lose its credibility, by using Brian Walski controversial Iraqi photographs. In Walski’s photograph, there is an armed British soldier and Iraqi citizens in Basra. The soldier is gesturing at the Iraqi civilians, apparently urging them to take cover, while a standing man carrying a young child in his arms appears to look at the soldier astonishingly. This controversial photograph featured in page one of some leading newspapers such as Hartford Courant, Times, and the LA Times, has met many critics from the public (Lester 258). This photograph is believed to be bogus: a computer-generated amalgam of two separate images combined into one image. In one photograph (un-manipulated) image, the soldier is not featured gesturing and looking at the standing man holding a child (Lester 258). In the second photograph, also un-manipulated, the soldier appears to gesture dramatically, and the standing man holding a child is much less visible (Lester 261). Therefore, it is not wrong to conclude that Walski generated amalgam of two separate images into one superb il legitimate one.

What rights in English law do adults with decisional capacity have in Essay

What rights in English law do adults with decisional capacity have in relation to medical treatment and do these give too much scope for refusing important treatment - Essay Example Medical services should, therefore, be provided in line with the request of the service user and for their benefit (NHS, 2014). However, the right of informed consent has been under much criticism due to the ability of mentally fit individuals to turn down medical treatment strategies that could save their lives. Refusal to treatment decisions by sane adults may put the care team in an awful position that inhibits their ability to give the best medical treatment available. This particular right discourages medical practitioners since a breach of such ethics may result in heavy penalties, jail time or withdrawal of practice licenses. The rights included in the English law state that medical staff employing bodies are also liable for the unethical practice of their union members. In reference to Stavrinides (2012), the principle of informed consent to medical treatment observes that a service user provides their permission in order to receive medical treatment. Such consent ranges from a simple blood test to the complicated organ donations. The English law states that when a patient has complicated medical needs, a mental survey is necessary in order to ascertain whether the patient’s ability to reason appropriately is affected by his medical situation. When such cases arise, a series of multi-disciplinary meetings are carried out in order to come up with a shared agency disciplinary decision. The decision made on the most applicable treatment strategy is now to be effected without the consent of the adult patient. The principle of recovery, as indicated in the English law, ensures that the adult patient is capable to gain control over their lives after treatment. The service user has this right in order to regain their self-esteem and make a step forward towards living a life where they can experience a feeling of belonging and participation. This right ensures that patients are enabled